Pantodon buchholzi, or the African Butterfly Fish, is a unique surface-dwelling predator known for its long fins and gliding behavior.
Overview
Pantodon buchholzi, commonly known as the African Butterfly Fish, is a fascinating species native to the slow-moving waters of West and Central Africa. This fish is instantly recognizable by its large pectoral fins, which resemble butterfly wings, and its habit of staying near the surface of the water. Growing to a size of 10-12 cm, the African Butterfly Fish is a predatory species that feeds on small insects and fish.
Tank Requirements
The African Butterfly Fish requires a tank of at least 100 liters with a temperature range of 24-28°C, a pH level between 6.0 and 7.5, and general water hardness (GH) of 5-15. It prefers a tank with a lot of surface cover, such as floating plants, and minimal water movement. A secure lid is essential, as this species is known for its ability to jump out of the water when startled.
Feeding and Diet
In the wild, Pantodon buchholzi feeds on insects and small fish near the surface of the water. In an aquarium, they can be fed a variety of live or frozen foods, such as bloodworms, small crickets, and shrimp. While they may take floating pellets, they often prefer live food. Feed them once or twice a day, making sure the food remains at the surface, where they naturally hunt.
Care and Maintenance
Caring for African Butterfly Fish requires a stable environment. Regular water changes (20-25% weekly) are important to keep the water quality high. Due to their unique behavior, it is important to monitor the surface of the tank and ensure they have enough cover. Avoid rapid water movements, as they prefer calm surfaces.
Compatibility
This species is generally peaceful but can be territorial towards other surface dwellers. It should not be housed with small fish, which may be mistaken for food. Suitable tank mates include peaceful mid- to bottom-dwelling species such as catfish or larger tetras. Avoid fast or aggressive fish that could stress the butterfly fish.
Breeding
Breeding Pantodon buchholzi in captivity is possible but challenging. Males and females can be identified by the males' longer anal fins. To encourage spawning, raise the water temperature slightly to 26-28°C and provide dense surface vegetation. The female will release eggs at the water surface, which the male fertilizes. The eggs should be removed to a separate tank to avoid predation. The fry can be fed newly hatched brine shrimp.