Satanoperca leucosticta, or White-spotted Cichlid, is a peaceful and attractive species from South America, known for its beautiful pattern and peaceful nature.
Overview
Satanoperca leucosticta, commonly known as the White-spotted Cichlid, is a peaceful and attractive species native to the waters of South America, primarily found in the Rio Orinoco and Rio Negro basins. This species is characterized by its striking coloration and unique pattern of white spots on its body, which makes it a popular choice among aquarium enthusiasts. Satanoperca leucosticta is an omnivorous species and is known for being relatively calm and non-aggressive, making it suitable for community tanks with other peaceful species.
Tank Requirements
The White-spotted Cichlid requires a spacious tank, with a minimum size of 300 liters. They prefer slightly acidic to neutral water with a pH range of 6.5-7.5 and a temperature range of 24-28°C. The general hardness (GH) should be between 8 and 15. Provide plenty of hiding spots, plants, and soft substrates for them to explore. This species is not particularly demanding when it comes to tank decoration, but it does enjoy having space to swim freely and the ability to establish territories.
Feeding and Diet
Satanoperca leucosticta is an omnivorous species, meaning it will accept a variety of foods. In the wild, it feeds on small invertebrates, plants, and detritus. In the aquarium, you can offer a balanced diet consisting of high-quality pellets, live or frozen foods such as brine shrimp and bloodworms, and occasional vegetable matter such as blanched spinach or zucchini. Feed them twice a day, ensuring a varied diet to maintain their health and vibrant coloration.
Care and Maintenance
The care level for Satanoperca leucosticta is moderate, making it suitable for intermediate hobbyists. Regular water changes (around 25% weekly) are important to maintain water quality. Monitor water parameters closely, as this species is sensitive to sudden fluctuations in water conditions. Regular cleaning of the tank and removing uneaten food is essential to keep the water clean and healthy. Although they are relatively peaceful, they may exhibit territorial behavior during breeding, so space should be provided accordingly.
Compatibility
Satanoperca leucosticta is known for its peaceful nature, making it an ideal choice for community aquariums. It can be kept with other peaceful species, including smaller cichlids, tetras, and catfish. Avoid keeping them with overly aggressive or very small fish, as they may become stressed or intimidated. However, it's important to ensure that the tank has enough space and hiding spots to allow all species to coexist harmoniously.
Breeding
Breeding Satanoperca leucosticta in captivity can be challenging, but it is possible with the right conditions. The species is monogamous, and a bonded pair will typically spawn in a well-protected area, such as a cave or on a flat rock. The female will lay her eggs, which the male will fertilize. After hatching, the fry will be cared for by the parents until they are old enough to swim freely. The parents may become protective and territorial during the breeding process, so it’s important to provide enough space and hiding spots to avoid aggression from other tankmates.