Nandus nandus, also known as the Gangetic Leaf Fish, is a stealthy ambush predator, commonly found in rivers and ponds in South Asia, well-adapted to mimic leaves.
Overview
Nandus nandus, commonly referred to as the Gangetic Leaf Fish or simply Nandus, is a fascinating species known for its leaf-like appearance and remarkable camouflage abilities. Native to rivers, ponds, and other slow-moving freshwater habitats in South Asia, this fish grows between 10-15 cm and can live for 5-8 years in captivity. Its cryptic coloration helps it blend seamlessly into plant debris and leaves, allowing it to ambush unsuspecting prey.
Tank Requirements
The Gangetic Leaf Fish requires a tank size of at least 100 liters, with water temperatures ranging from 22-28°C, a pH level between 6.5-8.0, and water hardness (GH) between 8-18. This species thrives in well-planted tanks with subdued lighting to replicate its natural habitat. Provide plenty of hiding spots using driftwood, rocks, and dense vegetation. A gentle water flow is ideal for their comfort, as they come from calm waters.
Feeding and Diet
In the wild, Nandus nandus is a carnivorous ambush predator that feeds on smaller fish and invertebrates. In captivity, it should be fed a diet of live or frozen food such as bloodworms, small fish, and shrimp. They might refuse dry foods, so offering live or frozen options is crucial to their well-being. Their predatory nature means that they might hunt smaller tank mates, so feeding should be done regularly to curb this behavior.
Care and Maintenance
Due to its preference for clean water and specific tank conditions, the Gangetic Leaf Fish requires regular maintenance. Perform weekly water changes of about 25-30% and ensure the water parameters remain stable. Keep an eye on ammonia and nitrite levels, as these fish are sensitive to poor water quality. Given their shy and ambush nature, minimizing stress is important, so provide enough cover and hiding spots.
Compatibility
Nandus nandus can be somewhat territorial and aggressive, especially toward smaller fish that may be viewed as prey. It is best housed with larger, peaceful species that won't fit into their mouths. Tank mates like larger barbs, peaceful cichlids, or catfish can be suitable companions. Avoid housing them with very small or overly active species, as they may stress out the Gangetic Leaf Fish.
Breeding
Breeding Nandus nandus in captivity can be challenging due to their territorial nature and specific breeding conditions. They are known to be egg layers, and spawning is usually triggered by changes in water temperature and the introduction of a suitable breeding environment. Males will become more aggressive and protective during the breeding season. Once eggs are laid, they should be removed to avoid being eaten by adults. The fry require tiny live foods like brine shrimp to survive.