The Dwarf Oto is a peaceful, algae-eating fish that thrives in planted aquariums, helping keep algae under control in community tanks.
Overview
The Dwarf Oto (Macrotocinclus affinis), also known as the Dwarf Suckermouth Catfish, is a small, peaceful species from the Loricariidae family. Native to South American rivers, it is popular among aquarists for its algae-eating capabilities and gentle nature. Its small size and calm temperament make it suitable for community tanks with other non-aggressive fish.
Tank Requirements
Dwarf Otos require a minimum tank size of 40 liters, with a temperature range of 22-28°C, pH of 6.0-7.5, and GH of 6-15. A well-planted tank with hiding spots, driftwood, and gentle water flow is ideal. These fish are sensitive to water quality and prefer stable conditions with minimal fluctuations.
Feeding and Diet
In the wild, Dwarf Otos feed primarily on algae and biofilm. In aquariums, they should be provided with a steady supply of algae, supplemented with algae wafers and blanched vegetables like zucchini and cucumber. They may not adapt well to flake foods, so a diet rich in plant-based options is essential.
Care and Maintenance
These fish are sensitive to poor water conditions, so regular water changes and a well-maintained filter are important. A 20-30% water change weekly helps keep conditions stable. Avoid sudden changes in water parameters, as Otos are prone to stress and may be sensitive to toxins.
Compatibility
Dwarf Otos are peaceful and do well in community tanks with other small, non-aggressive species like tetras, rasboras, and shrimp. They are best kept in groups of at least six, as they are social fish that enjoy the company of their own kind.
Breeding
Breeding Dwarf Otos in captivity is challenging but possible. They require stable, high-quality water and plenty of live plants. During breeding, females will scatter eggs among plants or on aquarium glass. Once spawning occurs, it’s best to separate adults from the eggs, as they may eat the eggs. The fry can be fed with infusoria and algae as they grow.